What Is Himalayan Balsam?
Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) is an invasive, non-native plant that was introduced to the UK in the 19th century as an ornamental species. While attractive, with its pink-purple flowers and towering height of up to 2.5 metres, its aggressive spread has become a serious environmental concern.
How Does It Spread So Quickly?
Himalayan Balsam reproduces through explosive seed pods. Each plant can produce up to 800 seeds, which are launched up to 7 metres away when the pods burst. These seeds can then be transported by wind, animals, and especially water. If the plant is growing near a river or stream, seeds can travel for miles downstream, establishing new infestations far from the original site.
Why Is It a Problem?
Himalayan Balsam is one of the UK’s most disruptive invasive species. Its rapid spread can destabilise riverbanks, reduce plant diversity, and increase flood risks in affected areas. Here’s why it’s a problem:
- Erosion: It dies back completely in winter, leaving riverbanks bare and vulnerable to erosion.
- Biodiversity Loss: It outcompetes native plants by growing rapidly and shading them out, reducing biodiversity.
- Flooding: The plant contributes to blockages in watercourses, increasing flood risk.
How to Identify Himalayan Balsam
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Height | Up to 2.5 metres |
| Flowers | Pink to purple, helmet-shaped blooms (June to October) |
| Leaves | Long, pointed leaves with serrated edges |
| Seed Pods | Green, narrow pods that explode when touched |
Tip: If in doubt, you can use our free identification service to identify invasive plants.
Can You Remove It Yourself?
Yes, but with care:
- Hand-pulling: Effective for small infestations; do this before seed pods form.
- Cutting: Cut the plant at ground level before it flowers.
- Composting: Only compost on-site. Do not move Himalayan Balsam waste off-site without a permit.
Always check with your local council for regulations on disposal.
How You Can Help
- Join a Balsam Bashing Event: Many local conservation groups organise “balsam bashing” days during summer.
- Report Sightings: Use apps like PlantTracker to report infestations.
- Hire a Specialist: For large or riverside infestations, professional help ensures safe and legal removal.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: Is Himalayan Balsam illegal in the UK?
A: It is not illegal to have it on your land, but it is illegal to allow it to spread in the wild under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.
Q: When is the best time to remove it?
A: Late spring to early summer, before seed pods develop.
Q: Can I compost it at home?
A: Only if done on-site and without seed pods. Do not transport it off-site.
Conclusion
Himalayan Balsam may look beautiful, but it is one of the UK’s most damaging invasive plants. By learning how it spreads and taking steps to control it, we can protect native plants, waterways, and wildlife. During Invasive Species Week, take a moment to share this information and help raise awareness.
If you suspect an infestation on your land or near a watercourse, contact Environment Controls today to arrange a survey and explore your removal options.